F 158 

.5 

.R82 
Copy 1 



&yjL 



PHILADELPHIA 



The Birthplace of the Nation 

The Pivot of Industry 

The City of Homes 



PUBLISHED BY 

SHELDEN COMPANY, Inc. 




PHILADELPHIA 
1904 



n^8 

.5- 



Copyright 1904 
by 

SHELDEN COMPANY, Inc. 
PHILADELPHIA 






m a '9'9 



INTRODUCTORY 




I 



T IS NOT designed in this work to present the story of the settlement, growth and 
development of Philadelphia in the past. We deal only with the great municipality 
"if to-day and with that which is now actually present. In the brief historical sketches 
of places and buildings which tollow this introduction only those relics are considered that 
have been spared by the wave of progress to the city of to-day, because of the hallowed 
associations which connect them with our Provincial and Revolutionary fathers. Of these 
sacred memorials of the past we as a community are justly proud. 

It is fitting, however, in a few words to group those things for which Philadelphia is 
prominent in the history of the State, nation and the world. She is the eldest of the 
trio of great cities of modern times that were named and platted before their birth, 
St. Petersburg and Washington being the others in the order in which they are here mentioned. Here Penn dedicated 
in the plan of his "Green Country Towne" the first public park in the new world; here in 1688 the first protest against 
human slavery was proclaimed; in 1690 the first paper mill in America was established; in 1698 the first public school 
for the free education of the poor was founded; here in 1706 the First Presbytery in North America assembled; here 
in 1729 Ralph Sandeford published the first treatise in the world denouncing slavery; here in 1730 Thomas Godfrey 
invented the mariner's quadrant, and here in 1731 Franklin and others established the first circulating library in the 
American Colonies. In 1732 the first hospital and in 1736 the first volunteer fire companv in the new world were 
organized in this City. Christopher Sower, in 1740, published the first Bible in America printed in a European language; 
in 1748 the first institute for promoting scientific research was founded, and in 1744 Logan's translation of Cicero's 
Di Senectute was printed by Franklin and by him declared to be the first translation of a classical work printed in America. 
That in 1751 was followed by Sower's issue of the first religious magazine in America. The same year the first hospital 
"for the relief of the sick and suffering" was chartered in Philadelphia. Here in 1752 the first fire insurance company 
was incorporated, and here, June 15 of that year, Franklin demonstrated that lightning was electricity, and the September 
following placed on his own residence at the southeast corner of Race and Second Streets the first lightning rod ever 
erected in the world. In 1758 the first Arctic Expedition in all history was dispatched from Philadelphia under the 
command of Captain Charles Swain to search for the Northwest passage, fitted out wholly at the expense of 
Philadelphians. Here in 1764 Dr. William Shippen founded the first medical school in the new world, and in this City 
in 1768 was organized the first medical sixiety in the Colonies. The first Methodist Conference in America met in 
Philadelphia in 1773, and the same year Oliver Evans, on the Schuylkill, made the first experiment in the world 
in propelling boats with steam, and here in 1775 John Behrent made the first piano in America. 

Philadelphia was the storm center of the Revolution. Within a circle of forty miles much of the history of that 
struggle was made. From the tower of the Public Buildings the naked eye can include the battlefields of Brandywine, 
Paoli, Germantown, Whitemarsh, Crooked Billet, Trenton, Princeton, Red Bank and Fori Mifi^lin. At the spectator's 
feet lies Carpenters' Hall, where the first Congress called to resist British encroachment on the rights of the Colonies 
assembled; Independence Hall, where Washington received his commission as General of the Continental Army, and 
where the Declaration of Independence was adopted, and after the War, where the Constitution of the United States 
was framed; Betsy Ross's house, where the American flag was born, and \'alley Forge, where, suffering for food and 
raiment, the Continental Army lay that dreary winter of \777-7S, when that band upheld the destinies of the nation, 
for had there been no Valley Forge there would have been no United States to-day. Here Washinglon made his farewell 
address to the people of the country he was instrumental in founding. In this city Roberi Morris carried the burden of 
providing the means for the Revolution, as Girard, in 1814, personally subscribed millions to the Federal loan when the 
United States had utterly failed to raise money to carry on the war with England, and it was Jay Cooke, a Philadelphian, 
who, during the Great Civil War, found for the North the means to bring that struggle to a successful ending. 

The Assembly sitting in Philadelphia in 1780 was the first of all the States to enact laws abolishing slavery, and 
here in 1781 Robert Atkins printed the first English Bible published in America. Here in 1784 the first daily newspaper. 



Ihe "Pennsylvania Packet or General Advertiser," was issued; the same year the lirst Episccipal Church Ctmvention in 
the United States was assembled, and on July 4 the first Society for the Promotion of Agriculture met. Here in 
1786 John Fitch made the first successful steamboat experiment in all the world, and the same year the first free 
Dispensary in America was established. The first Sunday-school Society was organized here in 17')i, and the next 
vear the first macadamized turnpike in America was laid. The first society to promote the fine arts was founded here in 
1794, and in 17'''8 the first bridge erected in the world with regular masonry piers in deep water was built over the 
Schuylkill and known as the "Permanent Bridge." In 1799 the City constructed the tirst water-works in the Union, 
and in 1800 the Methodist General Book Concern was founded here, in 1804 Oliver Evans here made the first land 
carriage in the world propelled by steam. It was in Philadelphia where Congress enacted laws permanently establishing 
the Army, Navy, coinage and postal service of the Nation. 

In 1827 there was built in this City "Ironsides," the first locomotive erected in the new world. In November, 
1839 the first photograph of a human face by the Daguerrian process in the world was made in Philadelphia by 
Robert Cornelius. 







OLD PHILADELPHIA 

BY HENRY GRAHAM ASHMEAD, ESQ. 




LIBERTY' BELL became the property of the City in 1818 by purchase fmm ihe State of 
Pennsylvania. It is modeled after the "Great Tom of Westminster," cast early in the thirteenth 
centnry in memory of Edward the Confessor. It is twelve feet in circumference around the lip, 
seven feet six inches around the crown, and in height about four feet. The clapper is three feet 
in lens;lh. The total weight (if the bell is 2o8u poLinds. In a line circling the crown is the 
sentence, cast in raised letters, "Proclaim liberty throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants 
thereof. Lev. x.xv: v x." Immediately beneath is a line, "By Order of the Assembly of the 
Province of Pennsylvania for the State House in Philada." In a line below, "Pass and Stow," the 
names of the founders, and below that, "Philada.," and still in a lower line the Roman numerals, 
"MDCCLIII." The bell, originally cast by Thomas Lester, of London, was hung in August, 1752. 
It was cracked early in September following, and was recast by Pass and Stow in this City. The 

old metal was used, but to every pound an ounce 

and a half of copper was added to make the bell less 

brittle. It was hung April 17, 1753. It rung May 

17, 1755, when the Assembly announced to George 11 

that "they would not make laws by dictation" of the 

Crown; it announced Franklin's departure for England 

February 3, 1757, and again when he went abroad, 

October 26, 1764. It tolled at the funeral of General 

Forbes, March 14, 1759, and rung September 9, 1765, 

when the Assembly was considering the calling of a 

Continental Congress, and muffled it tolled October 5, 

1765, when the "Royal Charlotte" reached the City 

witli the hated stamps aboard, and when the Stamp 

Act went into ettect, October 3 1 of that year, it tolled 

the Knell of Liberty the whole day long. On April 

25, 1768, it called the people to protest against the Act 

forbidding the manufacture of steel and iron in the 

provinces, and on July 3u it called the meeting in 

protest of the course of the Crown of England which 

had reduced "the people here to the level of slaves." 

December 29, 1773, it called the people to take action 

in the case of the tea ship "Polly," and on June 1, 

1774, "muffled and tolled," it announced the closing 

of the port of Boston. April 25, 1775, it called the people to harken to the news from Lexington 

and to pledge themselves to the cause of Liberty. On Monday, Jul}' 8, 1776, at noon, it proclaimed the Declaration 

of Independence; on October 24, 1781, it announced the surrender of Cornwallis and joyfully, .April 16, 1783, proclaimed 

peace. December 26, 1799, it tolled during Washington's funeral in Philadelphia. In 1824 it welcomed Lafayette; 

in 1826 it proclaimed the semi-centennial of Independence and twenty days thereafter tolled for the death of Jeflerson 

and of John Adams. In 1832 it announced the centennial of Washington's birth and July 8, 1835, while tolling for the 

death of Chief Justice Marshall, it cracked and ever afterward was mute. September 18, 1777, under an escort of 

Virginia and North Carolina troops, it was taken to Allentown, where it was received in Zion Church. June 27, 

1778, it was rehung in the State House. January 23, 1885, it left Philadelphia for the New Orleans Exposition, and 




WM. PENN COTTAGE 



while on ils jmiiney thither halted at Beauvoir, the home of Jefi'erson Davis, who rose from his sick bed to view 
the sacred relic. On April 25, IS*^',^, it left Philadelphia for the Columbian Exposition at Chicago, and October 4, 
1895, for the Atlanta Exposition. January 6, 1902, it left for the Charleston Exposition, and June 15, l9o3, for 
Boston, "Bunker Hill Day," and June 3, 1904, it left for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis. 

PENN COTTAGE, or Letitia House, now in Fairmount Park, is unquestionably the oldest historic building in 
Philadelphia. In 1882 the original structure was taken down and re-erected in the new location, identically as it was 
when used by William Penn, after its completion in 1683. Originally it stood alm(.>st midway of a lot extending 
trom Market Street to Black Horse Alley and from Front to Second Street. Penn gave much care to the surrounding 
grounds, which were well kept and abounded in shade and fruit trees and flowering shrubbery. In that dwelling Penn 
probably resided about a year, until in the summer of 1684 it was necessary for him to return to England. During 
his occupancy the cottage was the executive office and capital of the province. Here the Governor's Council held 

their meetings and the Executive 
Official transacted business with the 
public. Penn in 1684 spoke of the 
house as too small for the uses to 
which it was put, yet for nearly 
fifteen years after that time it was 
practically the. capital building of the 
Colony. On his second visit he 
conveyed the dwelling and grounds 
to his daughter, Letitia, after which 
it was spoken of as " The Letitia 
House." She detested the rough life 
in the new world and longed for the 
luxuries of England. Subsequently 
she offered it for sale, and William 
Eastman became the purchaser. 

Towards the end of the eighteenth 
century it was the "Rising Sun Inn," 
and later "The Woolsack." Finally 
its surroundings were of such a 
character that they overshadowed its 
historic associations, and it was not 
until the approach of the Bi-centennial 
of Penn's Landing that public interest 
was awakened in the old structure, 
which resulted in the renn^val to its 
present location. The tradition that the bricks came from England is unworthy of consideration. 
When it was built bricks made in Philadelphia were selling at six shillings a thousand. Every manufactured article 
used in the province was made in England, and goods paying large freight charges had to wait opportunity for 
shipment here. There were no return cargoes. People of old times were in their day good business men, and to 
ship bricks to America would have bankrupted every person who embarked in such a foolish speculation, at a period 
when not one vessel in a hundred could have brought fifty thousand bricks in ballast and would not have realized 
one hundred dollars on the adventure. 

INDEPENDENCE HALL. Prior to 1729 the Assembly of the Province had its sessions in the Governor's dwelling 
or in private houses rented for its use. Early in the year an Act was approved looking to the erection of a public 
building, but it was not until more than three years later that plans were submitted to and approved by the Legislature. 
On September 15, 1735, the building was still unfinished, but the apartment afterwards Independence Chamber was 
so far advanced that the Assembly met in that room on that date. The Province was cramped for funds, hence 





it \v:is not until 1750 that the building was 
practically complete. Across the wide corridor 
trom hukpendence Chamber was the Supreme 
Provincial Court Room, where between the 
west end windows and over the Judges' bench 
hung the arms of Great Britain, carved in 
wood, which, on the afternoon of July 8, 
1776, were wrenched from the walls and 
burned. 

In that room July 18, 1776, the first State 
(Constitutional Convention assembled, and there 
from 1778 to 1790 the State Assembly met. 
On the second floor facing Chestnut Street 
was the banqueting hall, an important pb,ce in Colonial days. There in September, 1774, the City 

entertained the delegates to the Continental Congress. At the southeast end was the office of the Clerk of the 

Assembly, and to the southwest the Governor's Council Chamber. The whole second floor after the battle of 

Germantown was used by the British as a hospital for American soldiers. On April 11, 1790, the State Capital 

was practically located at Harrisburg. In 1802 the Assembly gave Peale the use of the building for a museum. In 

1818 the (jty purchased the square and buildings; in 1828 the wooden steeple was erected to replace that taken down 

in 1780, and in 1830 the clock was placed therein. About that time the Federal Government leased the second floor 

to the United States for a court room and Marshall's 

oliice. The first was located in the western end of the 

building. A peculiar incident is associated with the case 

of James Moran, convicted for murder on the high seas, in 

that court in 1837. Pennsylvania had abolished public 

executions in 1834, yet Moran was hanged publicly near 

Bush Hill May 19, 1837, in the presence of fifteen thousand 

people. That was the last public execution under Federal 

laws. In that court room November 24, 1851, was tried 

Caspar Hanway for treason against the United States 

growing out of the Christiana riots of that year, which 

was the actual lieginning of the conflict which culminated a 

decade later in the Civil War. In 1854, after consolidation, 

the City Councils met on the second floor of the Hall, the 

last meeting of thuse bodies occurring March 7, 1895, when 

they removed to the new public buildings. 

INDEPENDENCE CHAMBER is the most precious 

relic associated with the history of the United States, for 

in that apartment on July 4, 1776, our nation had its 

actual birth. The room when tirst completed, September 

15, 1735, was occupied by the Cjilonial Assembly, of which 

body Andrew Hamilton, builder of the State House, was 

Speaker. Much of interest associated with the Provincial 

period is associated with that room. On May 10, 1775, 

the Continental Congress met for the first time in the 

Hall, and a month thereafter in that room, on June 10, 

Washington accepted from Congress the appointment of 

General of the Continental Army. A year later, July 4, 

1776, the independence of the Colonies from Great Britain 





was declared in that hall, and then from time to time, for 
nearly three months, members of Congress attached their 
signatures to that doCLiment, hence there are many classed 
among the illustrious fifty-six men who were not members 
of Congress when that great charter of liberty was adopted, 
'{'here on July 9, 1778, the Articles of Confederation and 
Perpetual Union between the States were adopted and signed; 
there on November 3, 1781, twenty-four standards captured 
at Yorktown were laid at the feet of Congress and the 
Ambassador of France who was present, representing Louis 
XVI; there on September 17, 1787, the Constitution of the 
United States was adopted and signed, Washington sitting as 
President of the Convention; there on Tuesday, September 
29, 1824, the City authorities received Lafayette, "the nation's 
guest," and there February 22, 1861, Washington's birthday, 
Abraham Lincoln entered the sacred hall for the first time, and 
in that period of general unrest raised the American flag upon 
the old building within whose walls the nation had its birth. 
The room in the main is as it was when the Declaration 
was adopted; the chandelier imported from France in 1735, 
OLD HALL remains where it has hung almost two centuries; the Colonial 

OF CONGRESS , . , , , 

Speaker's chair, which Hancock occupied July 4, 1776; the Speaker's table, on which the Declaration 
of Independence was signed; the silver inkstand used on that occasion and many of the chairs in which the delegates 
sat are still preserved in Independence Chamber. 

Here in October, 178'-i, the f]rst general convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States convened and 
the House of Bishops was organized, and on November 24, 1789, the second State Constitutional ("onvention met. 
In the year 1802 the Chamber was fitted up for the use of the Supreme Court of the State. 

CARPENTERS' HALL, hemmed in and reached by 
a narrow passageway, still remains one of the sacred 
relics of Philadelphia, associated with the birth of the 
nation. The Carpenters" Company, restricted to master 
carpenters, was organized in 1724, to foster the science 
of architecture, for mutual aid and to assist the widows 
and orphans of its members. The house was built in 
1771 and occupied early in the following year, although 
not fully completed until 1792. For seventeen years 
the Philadelphia Library Company occupied the second 
stoiy, and it was in that use \\-hen the Committee of 
Correspondence met in the Hall July 15, 1774, to act 
in relation to the Boston Port Bill, then an absorbing 
topic in the minds of the Colonists. September 15 
following, the First Continental Congress, with eleven 
Provinces represented, met there. The scene of the 
prayer on that occasion 1\\' Rev. Jacob Duche' has been 
made the subject of the artist's brush. On January 
28, 1775, the Second Provincial Congress met in the 
building, and later the Hall and cellar were used by the 
Colonial Government for Ouartermaster's office and 
storehouse, a use which the British continued in 1777, 




— • ON THIS SITE •»- 



ORIGINALLY STOOD THE DWELLING 
IN WHICH 

THOMAS JEFFERSON 

DRAFTED THE 



DECLARATION or INDEPENDENCE, 

WHICH WAS ADOPTED BY 

THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 

IN THIS CITY, JULY 4. 1776. 



except that they alsD Lised tlie second story as a hospital. In 1779 General 
Knox had the Quartermaster's Department in the Hall and a storehouse 
in the cellar. The first bank of the United States began business there 
in 1791, followed in 1797 by the Land Office of Pennsylvania, and the 
next year by the Bank of Pennsylvania. While there that institution, on the 
morning- of Sunday, September 1, 1798, was robbed of over $l6o,000 by 
its porter and a confederate. Patrick Lyons, a noted blacksmith, who had 
made the vault doors and locks, was arrested on suspicion, was imprisoned 
fur three months when his innocence was established and he was discharged. 
He subsequently recovered $90uo for his illegal arrest. The case is one of 
the noted trials of Pennsylvania. Later the United States used the building 
for fourteen years as a Custom House, and subsequently it had various 
occupants. A tablet at the Hall erroneously states that the Federal Consti- 
tutional Convention assembled there. The Hall is now preserved merely as a historical 
landmark. 
CONGRESS HALL at Sixth and Chestnut streets, stands upon ground presented to the City in 1735 by Andrew 
Hamilton, for the erection of a County Court House. This building was begun in 1787 and completed in 1789, and 
still unfinished, was offered to the United States, together with 
the State House and the Mayor's office, provided Philadelphia 
was designated as the temporal Federal capital. July following 
the tender was accepted. The building was at (ince remodeled 
for the use of the Senate and the House of Representatives. 
On December 6, 1790, the third session of Congress was 
lield here, and on the 4th of March, 17'-)3, \Vashington was 
inaugurated President in the Senate Chamber. Here in the 
House of Representatives on March 4, 1797, John Adams was 
inaugurated the second President. In that building the laws 
creating a permanent army and nav_\- weve enacted, the coinage 
of the nation defined and a mint provided, the United States 
Bank chartered, the States of N'ernnint, Kentucky and Tennessee 
admitted to the Union and the postal service permanentl_\- 
. established. Here the Jay treaty was confirmed, and Fisher 
Ames in advocating that measure made what is said to be the 
greatest speech ever delivered in Congress. Here the treaty 
with Spain opening the Mississippi River to our commerce was 
ratified, and here occurred the first 

personal encounter in the history of Congress. '"""' ^ ■ ^- '^'^'' 

Here Congress received the news of the death of Washington, and here Lee described 
him as "first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." The 
last session in this building convened December 2, 1799, and adjourned May 
14, l8uo. The City afterwards made many changes in fitting it tor the use of 
the courts which sat here until September 16, 1895, when they were removed to 
the new C^ity Hall. In recent years Old Congress Hall has been restored to its 
original plans when occupied by the two houses of the Federal Legislature. 

UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT. Andrew Hamilton, December 2u, 
1735, conveyed to trustees for the use of the corporation the lot at the southwest 
corner of Fifth and Chestnut Streets upon which to erect a building for the sittings 
of the City Courts. In 1775, forty years later, the plans were approved, but it 
was not until 1789 that actual work was begun. In aid ui the project the Assembly 





OLD KKIUEK Gl'N SHOP 




legalized a lottery to provide the necessary funds. The building was finished 
in the summer of 1701. '|"he seat of the Federal (jovernment having been 
transferred from New York to Philadelphia the lower part of the structure was 
hastily prepared for the use of the United States Supreme Court, which met 
there February 7, 1791, Chief Justice John Jay presiding. In 1794 he was 
appointed spe:ial envoy to England, where he negotiated the noted treaty which 
bears his name. During this interval .Associate Justice John Kutledge acted in 
his stead, and when Jay resigned, in 1795, to accept the Governorship of New 
>ork in July of that year, Rutledge was appointed Chief Justice in the recess 
of (Congress, but on December 15 the Senate rejected his nomination, and on 
January 27, 1796, Oliver Ellsworth, a Senator from Connecticut, was nominated 

confirmed. The Federal 
met there for the last time in 
fever Committee in the fall 
Common and Select Councils 
1791 until 1854, when con- 
lo meet in the State House. 
District Courts of the United 
otlice was here from 179i 
occupied the office in the new 
two circumstances associated 
North Seventh Street which 
among the historical struc- 
upnn which it stands was the 
the United States after the 
ment, and the building was 
of the United States was 
gress, on March 1, 1791, 
a mint in Philadelphia; on 
.Act establishing the mint 
1792, the corner stone was 
the astronomer, who, on 
appointed b\' Washington as 
structure was a three storied 



and immediately 

Supreme Court 
April, 1800. Here the yellow 
of 1793 held their meetings, 
occupied the upper floor from 
solidation compelled them 
For a time the Circuit and 
States met here. The Mayor's 
to 1889, when Mayor Fitler 
Public Buildings. There are 
with the old building No. 32 
entitles it to consideration 
tures of the City. The ground 
first real estate acquired b\- 
formation of the Govern- 
the first mint in which money 
coined. By resolution Con- 
directed the construction of 
the 2d of April, 1792, the 
was approved, and July 31, 
laid by David Rittenhouse, 
April 14, 1792, had been 
Director of the mint. The 
brick building with a central 
doorway leading to a hall, 
with offices on either side, 
which ran to a building in 
the rear where the coinage and melting rooms were located. Two months were 
consumed in the construction and outfitting of the mint. Six pounds of old 
copper were purchased, and on October 1 , 1 792 the first cent and half cent were 
coined. By March l, 1793, 11,178 cents had been issued by the United States. 
Silver dollars, half dollars and half dimes were issued in 1794, and the following 
year gold pieces, ten and five dollar, eagles and half eagles, were first coined. All 
the work was done by hand. After the capital of the nation was permanently 
located at Washington, from time to time there was considerable agitation looking 
to the removal of the mint to that city. In May 19, I828, Congress enacted a 
law locating a mint in Philadelphia "until otherwise provided by law." In 




ETSV ROSS HOl'SE 




OLD SAINT lOSEPH'S CMIKCH, 
Winine's Alley 



PENN 
TREATY 

MONUMEN I 



[he luiilding on Seventh Street all coins of the United States were minted until May, 1833, when 
the new mint at Chestnut and Juniper Streets was completed and fully equipped for the work. 
Soon thereafter the Government otfered the old mint for sale. 

BETSY ROSS, totally blind for six years before her death, attained the advanced 
age of eighty-three (she was born January 1, 1752, and died January 2, 1835), 
comparatively unknown, and died, never imagining that in half a century her name 
would be conspicuous in the annals of the City of her birth and in the history of the 
nation. Her life was full of incidents and sorrows, yet the petite, dark-complexioned, 
.-mburn-haired— till age bleached it — woman never wholly lost her attractiveness and 
vivacity of manner. She at an early age eloped with John Ross, a nephew of George 
Ross, the signer of the Declaration of Indepenilence. Her husband was accidentally 
killed liy the explosion of powder he was secreting for the Colonial authorities in a 
house at the foot of Arch Street. The widow, who had contributed to the family purse by plain and fancy sewing, 
succeeded to the business of upholstery which John Ross had established at 279 Arch Street, now widely known as the 
"Flag House." hi the little back parlor with the Committee in consultation as to the form of the flag which Congress 
had adopted, with one clip of shears from a folded paper she cut the five pointed star and unknowingly introduced 




something new in art, for 
the honor of first making 
based upon data that are 
subsequent to the period 
the thirteen stars in a 
American flag, and the 
home carried with them 
In the revolution of '93, 
tri-color flag from the 
five pointed star that was 
took the place of the six 
European nations except 
ward married Captain 
captured at sea and incar- 
England, where he met 
prisoner of war. A 
to let the men know of 
wallis by inserting the 




GRAVE OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN 



the claim of France to 
that class of star is all 
more than fifteen years 
when Betsy Ross sewed 
circle in the field of the 
French soldiers returning 
the memory of that star, 
when France modeled her 
American standard, the 
originated by Betsy Ross 
pointed star among all 
England. Betsy after- 
Jacob Ashburn, who was 
cerated in Mill prison, 
John C^laypole, already a 
friendly baker managed 
the surrender of Corn- 
clipping from a paper 



in a loaf of bread. Ashburn died in prison, but made Claypole promise that when discharged he would take a message 

to his wife, it was in that way Claypole met Betsy, whom he married in 178^. His years of 

contineiiient in the Mill prison subsequently resulted in paralysis of the hands, and for twenty 

years Betsy washed, dressed and even fed her helpless husband. The American flag made by 

Betsy was first seen in battle at Brandywine. Paul Jones carried another of her flags across 

the sea. Under that starry banner he kept the whole sea coast of England in constant 

dread and conquered in one of the most stubbornly contested battles of history a superior 

vessel to that which he commanded. Fame came to Betsy Ross too late. 

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN'S grave at Christ Church Cemetery, Fifth and Arch 
Streets, is visible to pedestrians, a section of the brick wall having been removed 
that the public may behold the place where rests probably the greatest man America 
has given to the world. While in eady life not exemplarily moral, and a man 
whose teachings inculcate precepts of selfishness, mankind is indebted to him for 
the discovery of electricity as a motive power. His reply to Bringluirst shortly 
after his experiments with tlie kite, when asked what use would come from his 
having brought the lightning from heaven, — "I don't know. What use 





WASHINGTON'S 

EQUESTRIAN 

MONUMENT 



is a new born 
baby?" — shows 
that he certainly 
comprehended 
the possibilities 
that mi.ii'ht re- 
sult from his 
experiments. He 
constructed the 
first electric light 
more than a 




century before Edison's invention, and in 1748, antedating the kite experiment, he church 

wrote to his friend Peter Collinsaw, of London, member of the Royal Society, that he had sent a spark from one side 
of the Schuylkill to the other "through the river without any other conductor than the water, an experiment that we 
sometimes since performed to the amazement of many;'" thus antedating Morse's telegraphy by nearly a century and 
Marconi's wireless telegraphy by a 
much longer period. As with James 
Watts, who saw everything we 
now know of the steam engine, 
Franklin foresaw everything we 
now know of electric application 
to mechanical uses. 

THE GREAT ELM of Shacka- 
maxon, under whose widely spread- 
ing branches Penn's apocryphal 
treaty with the Indians is alleged 
to have taken place in 1682, stood, 
until March 5, 1810, when it was 
uprooted during a heavy storm. 
The trunk measured twenty - four 
feet in circumferen:e, and the 

circles of annual growth indicated Washington's headqu.xrters. v.ALUtv iukoe 

its age as 283 years. The whole evidence associating that tree with the locality where Penn made a treaty with the 
savages emanated from Benjamin West, who, in his picture, gave to the world not only an imaginary William Penn, 
THE glen '^I't immortalized an imaginary historical event. Clarkson, in his story of the treaty, presented in 

WTSSAHICKON. FairmountPark u- re r n i . • j „ , • •' ■ 

his lite of Penn, obtained all his intormation from West, and 
X'oltaire's often quoted reference to the incident as '-the only 




iklki 




■•VE OLDE 

MILL" 

Ihal ground 

the flour for 

Washington's 





.-■^..•■--<i*.w 



world. 




treat)' which has not l:ieen sworn to and which has not been broken," was desi.^ned as a satire 
upon civilized government, and was not uttered until West's painting had been given to the 
In 1827 the Penn Society, which made some ludicrous mistakes as to historical 
localities, erected a monument near the sight of the old elm bearing the inscription: 
(North side) "Treaty ground of William Penn and the Indian nations, 1682. 
Unbroken faith." (South side "William Penn, born 1644, died 1718." (East 
side) "Pennsylvania, Founded 168 1. Deeds of Peace." (West side) "Raised by 
the Penn Society, A. D. 1827, to mark the site of the great Elm Tree." The 
City purchased the site, and on October 28, 1893, "Treaty Tree Park" was opened 
to the public with appro- 



r,i;N. McCi i:llan's 
STATUE 



priate ceremonies. 

GLORIA DEI, Swedes 
Church, Swanson Street 
above Christian, is the 
oldest ecclesiastical edifice 
in Philadelphia. The site 
is near that of the old 
Wicaco block house used 
as a fort against Indian attack and a place of religious worship. 
It is related that at one time the savages proposed to destroy 
the building. A squaw, however, gave information of their 
design, and the Swedish women, who were making soap, 
repaired to the church with their kettles, and when the 
Indians appeared, through the loopholes sprinkled their naked 
bodies with boiling soap stock, speedily terminating the conflict. 
This story is probably wholly imaginary. The present edilice 
was erected in 1700, and is of brick laid in Headers and 
stretchers. The site was the result of chance; many desired 
the church to be built at Kingsessing, and in order to settle 
the dispute the names Wicaco and Kingsessing were written 
on pieces of paper, placed in a hat and thrown on the ground. 
The first paper picked up had the name Wicaco upon 

it, thus settling the dispute. 
The present bell was cast in 1806, much 
of the metal used being that of the old 
bell of 1643. The parish was originally 
supported by the Crown of Sweden. 
In the church is a marble baptismal 
font which was used in the old block 
house, and facing the pulpit is a pair 
of gilded cherubs with spreading 
wings over an open book on 
which is inscribed in Swedish, 




"TTr.;-?^: 




r-i ;vc, ,1 , niiK FROM S'WSEOEN \ 

/r rrRs I } ■ mj: >f:c>8< built thisSchurch 

\ 'IS \ i\>Nir;AN 1 FAITHFUL PRE/«;HER 

7;;'Evgli,sii.sn\i;de:.S ■« dutch chJjrches' 
ELE\TN YJEARS IN -fTllS COuAtREY 
J\^*HSTtE HE ADVANCD XBUE PIBTY \ 
BVSOUJVE DOCTRINE V GOOD ExAmPLE 

HE DIED SEP^ JD ■ 3-308- \ 
AGED 4-0 VEARS. * 



TABLET IN AISLE OLD 
SWEDES CHURCH 



"The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light." 
In the chancel is a mural talMet to Nicholas Collins, D. D., who died in 1831, of 
whom it is said that when advanced in years, at night a couple came to his house to 
be married, and he performed the ceremony attired only in his nightshirt. In 1845 
Gloria Dei was admitted to the Protestant Episcopal Convocation. In the graveyard 
Alexander Wilson, the ornithologist, is buried at his own request, "as a spot sacred 




to peace and solitude, where the birds 

might sing over his grave." A large 

flat stone in the chancel reads: 

"This monument covers the remains 

of the Revrend Andrew Rudmaii. 

Being sent hither from Sweden, he 

tirst founded and built this church; was 

1 constant, faithful preacher in th' English 

Swedes & Dutch Churches, eleven years in 

this countrey, where he advanc'd true piety by sound 

octrine & Good example. He died Sepr. 17, 1708, aged 40 years." 

(}IRARD NATIONAL BANK. The first Bank of the United States was chartered by Congress February 25, 
1791, for a period of twenty years. It was capitalized at ten millions (if dollars. On the 4th of July of that vear 
subscriptions were received, and so great was the demand 
that the shares were taken in a few hours and certiticates 
of stock in a few days commanded a premium of more 
than iive times the par value. The Bank began business 
December 5, 1701, in Carpenters' 
Hall, where it continued until 
July 24, 1797, when the building, 
copied after the Dublin E.xchange, 
on the west side of Third, south 
of Chestnut Street, liegun in 
1795, was completed. "It was 
the tirst public structure with a 
portico and pillars in Philadel- 
phia." The enterprise was a 
success from its outset, paying 
an average dividend of eight per 
cent. In London its stock sold 
at a higher tigure than that of the bank of England. 

went out of Ixisiness, March .5, 18 12. An effort was made to continue its charter, Init 
the Senate rejected the application, the deciding vote in the negative being cast liy the 
\ ice-president, George Clinton, when there was a tie on the measure. The building and 
its equipments were purchased by Stephen Girard, who retained most of the old employees 
in the private bank which he established. The notes issued 1\\- Girard \vere redeemed in 
specie upon demand even at a period when 
specie payments were suspended. It 
was a rule with him to give preference 
to small traders in discounting paper, 
which policy made the institution 
popular with the masses. During the 
war of 1812, when the loan of the Federal Government 
for five millions could not be floated, (jirard subscribed for almost 
the entire an;ount. His name alone saved the nation from bankruptcy. 
In a short time the loan was sought at a premium of from five to ten 
per cent. At Girard's death the present Girard Bank was organized 
and began business on August 23, 1832, with a capital of $5,000,000. 
In 1847, when the Bank was rechartered, its capital was reduced to 

BRIDAL PATH ALONii 
THE WISSAHICKON 

Fairmount Park 





GIRARD NATIO.NAL BANK 

At the expiration of its charter it 






JEANNE D'ARC STATUE 
Fairmount Park 

it is onlv 



riile more tlian 
distinction. Tlie original Blue Anchor Tavern, 
was located directly in the middle of what 
George Guest, who built the house, was 
was laid out it was required to lie 
pensation Penn deeded to the 
in the rear of the original site 
first structure, said to he 
were used in erecting the 
Tavern. Some years 
transferred and the sign 
of Second and Dock 
end house of a number 
Row." There the Inn 
the Revolution, when it 
present building, which 
and received the old 
house which had re- 
centurv before when 



31,000,001). The present 
capital of the Girard Bank 
is S 1,500.000, and its sur- 
plus considerably exceeds 
its capital. 

THE PRESENT BLUE 
ANCHOR INN, north- 
east corner of Dock, above 
Second Street, first became 
conspicuous during the 
Penn Bi-centennial cere- 
monies in 1882. Because 
of the prominence then accorded it, in popular consideration it is held 
as one of the noted historical buildings of Philadelphia, when in fact 
a century old, the exercises in 1882 giving to it its only claim to 
a frame . building where Penn was received in 1682, 

is now Front Street. At that time 
"mine host." When the City 
removed, and as com- 



IJONESS STATUE 




rP^^"l 



I 




owner a lot directly 
The materials in the 
house 16 by 36 feet, 
second Blue Anchor 
later the license was 
removed to the corner 
Streets, which was the 
known then as "Budd's 
continued until after 
was removed to the 
had recently been built, 
name and license of the 
ceived William Penn a 
he first landed in his 




"Green Country Towne," on the 
banks of the Delaware. 

THE OLD SECOND STREET 
MARKET HOUSE and sheds, ex- 
tending from Pine to South Street, 
reminders of the Colonial period, 
have since lost usefulness as a 
public convenience. The structure 
was erected in 1747, extending at 
that time to Lombard Street, and 
was then known as the Irish Mar- 
ket; the reason for the name is 
now lost through lapse of time. A 
few vears later it was extended to 




BELMONT GLEN, Fair 




South Street, when it was known as the New Market. At that period it 
was the center of a fashionable neighborhood, and noted for the articles 
offered for sale at its stalls. The old house facing 
Pine Street is of brick, laid on headers and stretchers 
presenting the checkerboard appearance so popular 
in our Colonial period. The pent roof, then an 
architectural ornamentation, still remains in 
good state of preservation, and in the triangle 
thus formed is ihe old clock that had tolled 
the hours for nmre than a century. Before 
the Revolution, in May and November of 
each year, fairs were held there continuing 
three days. They were formally opened 
on notice to the Mayor, who, by a herald, 
from a platform erected for that purpose, 
made proclamation that all persons must 
keep the King's peace, no strong liquors 
could be sold, the carrying of unlawful 
weapons interdi:ted, and also the galloping 
or training of horses on 
the streets, concluding 
with "Now know ye, I proclaim the Fair opened. 

God Save the King." Crowds of merrymakers, blowing 

trumpets, and troops of boys with whistles made a din 

from morning until night. This feature became such a 

nuisance that the Legislature in 1787 abolished the Fairs. 

During the Revolution, while the British were in 

occupancy of the City, the sheds were used as 

stables by the King's troopers. 

THE NORRIS HOUSE, which in Provincial 

days stood on the site of the United States 

Custom House, in its day was among the 

finest private residences of the Colonies. 

In that house in 1761 was born Deborah 

Norris, who became the wife of Dr. George 

Logan, later the owner of Stenton. A girl 

of fifteen, she climbed the fence of the 

garden, then extending to Fifth and Library Streets, now the rear of the Drexel buildin 

July 8, 1776, read for the first time in public the Declaration of Independence, 
distinguished for her contributions to the history of 



STATUE OF 
RELIGIOUS LIBERTY 
Fairmount Park 




OLD .MARKET 
SHEDS 
SECOND AND 
PINE STREETS 



to listen to John Ni.xon, on 
In after life she became 








Pennsylvania. During 
the British occupancy 
of the City the house 
was used by several 
English officers as their 
quarters, and in the 
garden was given a 
number of receptions, 
the most notable being 
the one in honor of 

MEf 

Admiral Howe. In 18 18 the Bank of the United libi 

States purchased the property, razed the dwelling and erected the 
present structure from designs furnished by William Strickland. The building was completed in 1824, at a cost 
of nearly half a million dollars. After the introduction of gas in 1834, as a measure of protection as well as 
advertisement, brackets were placed in the rear of the columns facing Chestnut Street, and were kept burning from 
nightfall to daybreak, "which has a very agreeable effect." When the bank failed in 1841 the Trustees olfered the 




LIBRARY CO. OF PHILADELPHIA 



property for sale, and in 
chased by the Federal 
987.82. At that time 
Ing for the second term 
In the room occupied by 
the present Collector, is 
a mahogany desk and 
used by Nicholas Biddle 
the Bank of the United 
MOUNT PLEASANT 
was built by John Mac- 
son, William, holding a 
ish army, resigned, de- 
not serve against his 
Revolution. Benedict 




UNITED STATES CUSTOM HOUSE 



June, 1845, it was pur- 
Government for §256,- 
Calvin Blythe was serv- 
as Collector of the Port. 
Hon. Wesley Thomas, 
a "grandfather's clock," 
arm-chair which were' 
when he was President of 
States. 

MANSION, in the Park, 
I'herson in 1761, whose 
commission in the Brit- 
claring that he would 
own countrymen in the 
Arnold purchased the 



estate March 22, 1779, and made it a wedding present to his bride, charming Peggy Shippen, early in the following 
April. While residing in this house Arnold entered into many questionable speculations, using his military authority 
for his personal gain. Among others, he dispatched Deputy Wagon Master Jesse Jordan to Egg Harbor, N. J., with 
ten wagons to transport goods, of which it is alleged he was owner. The Provincial Council, learning of this act, had 

Jordan brought before that 

body, where under oath, he told 

all he knew. General Arnold 

was notified to be present, as 

well as the Attorney General 

of the State. The latter was 

instructed to bring suit against 

Arnold for £450, the amount 

that Pennsylvania had paid for 

the time Arnold had used the 

wagons in his personal specu- 
lation, and preferred charges 

against the General which were 

afterward the subject of a court 





PHILADELPHIA DISPENSARY 



JOSEPHINE WEIDENER MEMORIAL LIBRARY 





which Arnold 
resident ot 



liad been reserved in the deed of gift, 

during the bitter days at 

the American troops 

system of the famous 

made them an army in 

The title to the estate 

Chief Justice of Penn- 

father-in-Iaw, until 1702, 

eral Jonathan Williams. 

City in 1868. 

on Second Street, above 

specimen of Colonial 

in the Union. It is 

Cathedral, London, and 

John Kearly, though the 

of years. The west end 

Governor Gordon laid 

27 amid much cere- 
four years later. Then 

moved and the east end 

Street, but thirteen years was consumed in that work. The steeple, 

designed by Dr. Franklin, was suspended until funds could be collected, 

and in March and May, 1753, drawings of lotteries were had to raise 

money. This scheme netted about $10,000. The tower and steeple 

were completed at a cost of over $15,000. At the apex was a metal 
crown, placed there as an emblem of loyalty to the 

mother country. 
During a heavy 
thunderstorm June 
^, \777, the steeple 
was struck by 
lightning and the 
symbol of royalty 
was thrown to the 
ground a jagged. 



martial. Wagon Master 
Jordan did not appear at 
the trial, and the suit 
against Arnold was then 
"abated" because, the At- 
torney General reported 
to Council, "Jesse Jordan 
has been lately murdered 
in Chester County," an assassination by 
profited for the time being. Even while 
Mount Pleasant Arnold was contemplating his treason, if Sir Henry Clinton 
in his letter of October 11, 1780, is to be believed, "that eighteen months 
ago 1 had some reason to conclude that the American Major General Arnold 
was desirous of quitting the rebel service." The life interest of Arnold, which 
was forfeited. The mansion then became the residence of Baron Steuben, who. 

Valley Forge, disciplined 
according to the strict 
Frederick of Prussia, and 
fact as well as in name. 
was in Edward Shippen, 
sylvania, and Arnold's 
when he sold it to Gen- 
It was purchased by the 
CHRIST CHURCH, 
Market, is the finest 
ecclesiasti;al architecture 
copied after St. Paul's 
was designed by Dr. 
building is the growth 
was begun early in 1727. 
the corner stone on April 
mony. It was finished 
the old church was re- 
was extended to Second 





IliiHlll 



III 

iiiiTirr 





MARY J. DREXEL HOME 



shapeless mass. Afterward, when it was designated as the 
Cathedral Church of America, a mitre was placed on the spire 
in recognition of the high office held by its Rector, Bishop White. 
In 1745 a chime of eight bells, weighing 9000 pounds, was 
procured from London at a cost of £560. Captain Budden 
brought them to Philadelphia free of cost in the London packet 
■•Myrtella," and during his life whenever his ship reached 
Philadelphia these bells chimed in his honor. In September, 
1777, these chimes, with the Liberty Bell, were removed to 
Allentown to prevent their falling into the hands of the British, 
and tradition has it that the chimes were sunk in the Lehigh 
River. In October, 1778, Flower returned the chimes and they 
were rehung "at the public expense." Over the arch of the 
east window on the outer wall was a bust of George II and a crown in alto-relievo. In 1797 
they were taken down and thrown into the street, but were picked up and deposited in the Philadelphia Library. On 
January 31, 1894, they were restored to their original location. In 
June, 1755, the Masons of Philadelphia attended services here the 
first time the Order made a street parade in the city. In the 
preceding April Governors DeLancey, of New "I'ork, and Shirley, 
of Massachusetts, returning from the Congress of Colonial Governors 
at Alexandria, Va., were welcomed in the church. March 14, 1759, 
General John Forbes, the victor of Fort Duquesne, was buried in 
the chancel, it being the most imposing funeral that had occurred 
to that time in all the Colonies. In 1898 the Society of Colonial 
Wars placed a tablet in the church to Forbes' memory. Thursday, 
July 20, 1775, Congress assembled in a body there to observe the 
day as one of fasting and prayer. Dr. Duche's sermon, "The 
American Vine," was published in England and the Colonies. In 
Colonial days the Governor had a State pew in this church which 
was afterward occupied by Presidents Washington and Adams. 

Betsy Ross attended 
here, but neither the 
Washington nor Ross 
pews of to-day are 
those actually used 
by them. Among 
relics of the sanc- 





CHKIST CHURCH 



tuary are a silver 

tankard and chalice, the gift of Queen Anne, inscribed 

"Anna Regina in usum ecclesia anglicanae apud Philadelphicum, A. D. 

1708," a silver basin quaintly decorated with figures of six of 

the apostles, and a tlagon and two plates, the gift of Colonel Robert 

Quarry in 1712. 

THE BLACK HORSE INN, 352 and 354 North Second Street, is an 
interesting survival of old times, when the City had its weekly market 
days, Wednesdays and Saturdays. Then the farmers from a distance 
of twenty miles and more, brought their produce in wagons, which 
compelled them to find on the preceding nights accommodations for 
themselves and their teams. Before daybreak the next morning it 






UNION LEAGUK 



was the rule for 
each countryman to 
be at his accustomed 
place with wagons 
backed against the 
curbstone. At the 
many market places 
the farm wagons 
were stretched side 

by side for squares. The old Black Horse Inn has the arched 
passageway from the street to the courtyard, back of which were 
the stables. The rooms in the rear buildings opened on long 
galleries overlooking the court. These features are interesting 
because they suggest conditions ahnost identical to those which 
are familiar in "The Tabard," the hostelry in which Chaucer, the poet, met the Canterbury pilgrims and the "White Hart" 



''""""^^L** 



BELMONT CKICKET CLUB 



in London, where Sam Weller 
Mr. Pickwick. The story of 
of incidents that enter into the 
CLIVEDEN, the Chew 
Independence Hall, the most 
ing in Philadelphia. That is 
more than a century the school 
the battle of Germantown, in 
conspicuous figure. The house 
jamin Chew, a Marylander, a 
who was a student of law in 
and who when thirty-two, in 
Philadelphia. The following 
and in 1756 had the lucrative 
delphia. He was Register 
Justice in 1774. Although he 
the first Continental Congress, 
claimed his loyalty was ques- 



BLACK HORSE INN 

arrested and banished from the State. 

October 4, 1778, the dwelling was occupied by the 
servants of the family. 
During the early part 
of the battle of Ger- 
mantown, when the 
British soldiers were 
falling back before the 
American advance. Sir 
Thomas Musgrave, 
Lieutenant-Colonel of 
the Fortieth Regiment 
with six companies of 
his command, took 
possession of the 
house and barricaded 



had his first interview with 
the Black Horse Inn is meagre 
permanent history of the City, 
house, is probably, next to 
generally known historic build- 
largely due to the fact that for 
histories presented pictures of 
which that dwelling is the 
was built about 1763 by Ben- 
man of education and fortune, 
Ihe Inner Temple, London, 
1754, came from Delaware to 
} ear he u-as Attorney General 
office of Recorder of Phila- 
General in 1765 and Chief 
entertained the members of 
after independence was pro- 
tioned, and in 1777 he was 
The family were not residing at Cliveden at the time of the battle. On 







I'NlTr-D STATICS NAVAL H( 



the windows and doors. When the American 
reserves reached that point the British opened fire 
upon tliem from the dwelling-. Lieutenant Smith, 
of the Virginia line, with a white flag approached 
the house to demand its surrender, when he was 

fired upon and so seriously wounded that he died from tiie injuries he received. Artillery and musketry fire was then 

opened on the dwelling, but save scarring the outer wall, shattering the doors and window shutters, mutilating some 

statues on the lawn, little harm was done, although many of the bullets entered the apartments, leaving marks that 

are still visible. Historians and military 

experts have never been able to decide 

what efi'ect the defense of the Chew 

house had on the final result of the battle. 

Washington charged the failure to the 

fog, and Wayne, two days after the 

struggle, said the fog and the mistake by 

which Americans fired at each other in 

the gloom, lost the day. The following 

year Chew sold the estate, which, eighteen 

years later, he re-purchased. In 1791 he 

had so regained public confidence that 

he was appointed President Judge of the 

High Court of Errors and Appeals. 

Lafayette visited Cliveden in 1825. 

The historic dwelling is preserved almost 

as it was on the day of the battle. 

STENTON was originally the country cliveden-chew mansion 

seat of James Logan, an Irishman by birth, but a Scotchman by descent, who, having met William Penn in England, came 

to the Colonies in 1699 as the Secretary of the Proprietary. Here he subsequently filled the otilces of Secretary of the 

Province, Commissioner of Property, member of the Provincial Council and President of that body, and finally Chief 

[Justice of Pennsylvania. A man of literary taste, he collected the 
largest private library in the colonies, which he designed to present 
Philadelphia for public use, but failed to make such provision before 
his death. In 1744 he translated Cicero's Di Senectute, which 
Franklin, who printed the work, said was the first translation of a 
classical work in the Colonies. Logan built Stenton in the year 
1728. Wingohocking Creek, which ran through the estate, he 
named for an Indian Chief to whom he was attached, and at his 
home, Cannassetego, an Onondaga Chief, was a visitor. His son, 
William, inherited the estate. In 1777 General Howe occupied the 
house and here he received notice that the Americans were advancing 
to the attack at Germantown. When orders were given by the 
British to burn 
a n u m b e r o f 
houses in Ger- 
mantown there 
The two soldiers 



was no one at Stenton but a negro woman, 
who came to carry out that order she managed to trap in the barn. 
When a party of British came by in search of deserters she 
handed the two Englishmen over to them, and notwithstanding 





N. INSTITUTE 



A-LONG THE WISSAH ICKC 




1^ 





GERMAN HOSPITAL 



their denial they 

were taken as pris- 
oners to the City. 

At her death the 

negro woman was 

buried in the garden 

at Stenton. Dr. 

George Logan, tlie 

grandson of James, 

a man of parts, but 

with odd opinions, a 

United States Senator and a man of some literary ability, became the 
owner of the estate. He married Deborah Norris, "Dear Debby Norris," of Sally Wister's famous 
journal. Deborah Logan's contribution to the history of Pennsylvania made her distinguished. The correspondence 
of Penn and Logan which she 
found in the garret of Stenton she 
arranged as it was afterwards pub- 
lished by the Historical Society of 
Pennsylvania. In an old table 
drawer where the documents had 
lain for nearly a century she dis- 
covered "The Records of the Court 
at Upland, 1676 to 1681," one of 
the most valuable contributions to 
the Colonial history of the State. 
The old table had belonged to her 
grandfather, Joseph Parker, for 
many years Deputy Register of 
Chester County. At Stenton many 
relics are preserved, among others 
the cradle in which James Logan 
was rocked as an infant in the old 




LOGAN (STENTON) HOUSE 



lome in Ireland, 
the mariner's quadrant, which Hadley, an Englishman, saw and, 

house Washinglon, Franklin, 



It was at Stenton where Thomas Godfrey, a glazier, invented 




returning h 
Lafayette, 
Charles Thomson, Madison, Monroe, John 
Randolph and Jefferson were frequent 
guests. 

THE ELLISTON PEROT MORRIS 
HOUSE, at Germantown, was jiuilt in 
the winter of 1772-73 by David 
Deshler. His mother was a sister 
of Caspar Wistar, and the father 
was an Aide - de - Camp to the 
reigning Prince of Baden. His 
wife several years before his pur- 
chase of land in Germantown paid 
live pounds for the receipt of an 
ointment which became widely 
knuwu as "Deshler's Salve," and 



>me, claimed as his invention. In tliat 



PHILADELPHIA 
STOCK EXCHANGE 





is still largely used. At the battle of Germantown, 
after the defeat and retreat of the Americans, Sir 
William Howe made his headquarters in this house. 
in 1793 Colonel Isaac Franks, the then owner, 
tendered this house to Washington during; the 
_\ellnw fever scourge of that year, who made it 
his hiime until the fever abated. In 1804 Franks 
sold the estate to Elliston and John Perot (born 
in Bermuda) for a summer residence. Their 
ancestors were Huguenots, who were expelled from France upon the revocation of the Edict of 
It is related that the father was cast into prison in France and kept without food for twenty-one days, but 



Nantes. 

a hen laid an egg each 
of his cell, and in that 
A setting hen in the coat 
memorates that incident, 
married Samuel B. Morris, 
inherited the old mansion, 
changed, and is one of the 
onial magnificence in this 
Washington to Captain 
ness" of Washington, rare 
furniture of the Colonial 
priceless treasures of this 
THE LO\ERS' LEAP, 
above the stream, the 
sahickon Valley, has but 
the story of aboriginal 
uscung, looked with dis- 
whom his daughter was 
the tribe that if they were 
ciety they should sutler 
noon they clandestinely 



day in the grated window 
way his life was sustained. 
of arms (if the Perots com- 
EUiston Perot's daughter 
The present owner in 1859 
which internally is little 
tinest specimens of Col- 
countrw A letter from 
Morris, "the pitcher like- 
china and glass, massive 
period are among the 
historic dwelling, 
nearly (ive hundred feet 
highest point in the Wis- 
tradition to connect it with 
lovers. The Chief, Tedy- 
favor upon the suitor with 
enamored, and notified 
again in each otlier's so- 
death. One summer after- 
ELLisTON p. MORRIS HOUSE iiiet at this spot, and upon 

finding that they were discovered, they embraced each other and leaped to death. Their crushed bodies lay at the 
base of the cliff locked in each other's arms. An illegible inscription is on the face of the rock which the late Charles 

S. Keyser states was 

chiseled there, so 

tradition asserts, by 

Kelpius, the leader 

nf the Wissahickon 

monks. 



GEN. GRANT 

MONUMENT 
Fairmount Park 






LOVERS' LEAP, Fair 




College 




"INDIAN" or "Council Rock" is surmounted by a heroic 
figure of tiie native Delaware Chief " Tedyuscung," who, 
bedecked with his war trappings, in crouching attitude, and 
with hand-shaded eyes, gazes upon one of the most pictur- 
esque stretches of the beautiful Wissahickon Valley. The figure 
is poised upon a marble pedestal. Here it is said the old 
(Chieftain, who had been baptized by the Moravians and given 
llie name of "Honest John," stood in 1768 and took his last 
look upon the lands of his fathers before the remnant of the 
tribe of which he was the head 
were compelled to seek a new 
location in the distant West. 



DEVIL'S POOL, Fairmounl Park 

new home one night in a drunken frolic the wigwams of 
the old man, sleeping at the time, was so seriously burned 
injuries. The present statue was erected a few years ago 
to take the place of a wooden 
John Middleton half a century 
HE WOODLANDS when 
Hamilton in 1735, comprised, 
later acquired, a plantation of 
and fifty acres. At that time 
lawyer of the Colonies, his 
of John Peter Zinger, of New 
libel, gave him wide repu- 
inces, and even in England 
drew Hamilton, Jr., erected a 
1747, but just prior 
the Revolution his 
whom the estate 
the building and 
mansion, which in 
was regarded as one 
ing dwellings in the 
arranged with under- 
sages, staircases built 

GARFIELD MONUMENT, Fairmount Park (jgj^ dOOrWayS, aftord- 

from robbers or mobs, for in that period 
of public unrest the Hamilton family 
were regarded as sympathizers with 
the Loyalist cause. Tradition 
tells how in the Revolution 
British spies were secreted in 
the dwelling. In 1778 Wil- 
liam Hamilton was brought 
to trial for treason against 
the Continental authorities 
but was acquitted, there 





Tradition states that in his 

the tribe took fire and 

that he died from his 

by Charles W. Henry 

figure placed there by 

before. 

purchased by Andrew 
with several tracts 
about three hundred 
he was the foremost 
magnificent defense 
York, indicted for 
tat ion in the Prov- 
itself. His son, An- 
dwelling there in 
to the outbreak of 
son, William, to 
then belonged, razed 
erected the present 
all its appointments 
of the most impos- 
Provinces. It was 
ground secret pas- 
in the walls and hid- 
ing means of escape 





being "a defect of proof of a paper 
from Lord Cornwallis, the directions being 
torn off." However, he was banished 
^~~ ' ' from tlie State, but subsequently granted 

permission to return. Half a century ago numerous tales of ghosts, the finding of the skeleton of a 
woman in the eaves and the lake, imaginary incidents, were familiar to the residents of Hamilton village. The internal 
arrangement of the house, the sumptuous furnishings (some of which had formerly been owned by Marie Antoinette), 
pictures, articles of vertu and a goodly collection of books were the wonders of its day of generous hospitality, when 
Washington himself was a visitor at the Woodlands. The grounds were laid out with much taste and a lavish 
expenditure of means. In 1804 William Hamilton plotted the greater part of the estate as a town to which he gave 
the name of Hamiltonville. In 1827 the remainder of the estate was sold to 

ily 13, 1840, it was purchased 
Company. 



Henry Becketty, and finally 
by the Woodland Cemetery 

MOM RINKLE'S ROCK 
mass rising abruptly 
above the Wissa- 
tells that long ago 
Rinkle, a reputed 
home on its summit, 
killed by a fall from 
credulous believed that ; 
the dew which accumul: 
the evil eye and could bring trouble to 
intently. Water, they declared, could 




a precipitous solid 
to a great distance 
hickon. Tradition 
an old woman, Mom 
witch, made her 
and that she was 
its giddy height. The 
IS in the habit of drinking 
ps of acorns, that she had 
those she hated by merely gazing at them 
not drown her, for her compact with 



Satan granted her the power to float in streams without sinking in their depth, and a rifle ball could not penetrate 
her flesh. She had omitted, however, in her agreement, immunity from the consequences of a fall. From this rock 
William Penn preached, and for this reason a statue of the Proprietary has been erected on its summit. 



MERCANTILE CLUE 



!f** 



-ri 







THE 

FINANCIAL 

DISTRICT, 

Chestnut Sts. 






BELMONT MANSION was built originally by William Peters about 
1743, and there his famous son Richard Peters was born in the year following. 
In 1745 the house was enlarged. William Peters was a man of fortune and 
prominent in Colonial affairs, who disapproved of the Revolution and finally 
returned to England. He conveyed the estate to his son Richard, an ardent 
advocate of the Colonial cause, who accepted command of a Company of 
Associators, 
and in 1776 
was pur- 
chasing 
agent for 
m i 1 i t a ry 
supplies. 
The same 
year he 
was Secre- 



tary of the Board of War, created by Congress, and in 1781 
was Secretary of War. In 1782 he was a member of Congress, and in 1785 
visited England in the interests of the Episcopal churches of the Colonies. His influence secured 
the ordination of Bishops Provost and White. In 1787-90 he was a member of the Assembly and Speaker of the 
House. Washington in 1794 appointed him Judge of the United States District Court, a position he held until his death, 
August 27, 1828. He was a man of infinite jest. A few of his witticisms are still current. In 1756 when he accompanied 
his uncle on a mission to the Indians he was adopted by the red men and given the name Tegohtias, orTalking Bird. 
He was a vocalist of much merit, and wrote the words and music of songs generally composed for the passing 

occasions. During his life Belmont was noted for its 
hospitality. Once when Washington was his guest he 
made with his cane a hole in the ground and planted 
a chestnut, which grew to be a noted tree. Lafayette 
was a frequent visitor at Belmont, as was also John 
Quincy Adams, Jetferson, Madison, the generals of the 
Revolution and almost every distinguished man of 
the day who visited Philadelphia. 



LULU TEMPLE 




"Where every passing 
stranger was a guest 
And every guest a 
BELMONT friend.' 

MANSION 

The Monument Road on the estate received its name from a rude 
obelisk which is said to mark the spot where Richard Peters caught the first sight of 
the woman who afterwards became his wife, although another account states that 
it was built over a grave, but tradition is silent as to the person 
whose memory it was erected to honor. Belmont is the most 
attractive and interesting of the historic buildings in Fairmount 
Park. 

DAVID RITTEN HOUSE, a man who in his long life 
played many parts, and generally with distinguished merit, was 
born April 8, 1732, near Germantown. The humble stone 
building in which his birth occurred still stands within the 
limits of Fairmount Park. His great-great-grandfather, William 
Rittenhouse, established the first paper mill in America. When 






UNITED STATES MINT 




HAHNEMANN COLLEGE 



three years old his parents removed to a farm in Montgomery Count}'. From 

early childhood he was distingLiished for his mechanical genius. .\t eight he 

constructed a miniature water mill ; at seventeen he constructed a clock and embarked 

in business as a clock and mathematical instrument maker. At twenty-one he was 

"tlie rival of two of the greatest mathematicians in Europe." \n the year 1769 he 

constructed an observatory, and on July 3 of that year he made the first satisfactory 

observation of the transit of Venus. He constructed his noted orrery, now owned by Princeton University, an 

instrument which illustrates the movements of celestial bodies 
covering a period of five thousand years, past and future, 
which JelTerson declared approached nearer an act of Deity 
than any man had ever done. He was distinguished as a 
surveyor. Learned societies conferred upon him degrees and 
the State chose him its Treasurer until he refused further to 
serve in that offi:e. He was a member of the Council of 
Safety, a member of the first State Constitutional Convention, 
professor and vice-provost of the University of Pennsylvania, 
president of the Philadelphia Society and first director of the 
United States Mint. He died in IZ^. President Washington, 
the Cabinet, Congress, foreign ministers, the 
Governor and Leg- 
islature and many 

HOME OF DAVID RITTENHOUSE.IFairmount Park learUCd meU 

attended the funeral of the great astronomer, who, sixty-four years before, 
was born in that unpretentious structure in the Park, revered now because of 
that incident in its story. 

GERMANTOWN ACADEMY, originally known as the Germantown 
Union School, because it was designed as an English and High Dutch school, 
was organized in December, 1759. The cornerstone was laid April 2L 
1760. The collection of funds lagged and in 1761 the Assembly authorized 
a lottery in its interest, but a strong remonstrance was lodged with Governor 






SCHOOL OF INDUSTKIAI. ART 



BUILDERS' EXCHANGE 




TUNNEL EAST 
RIVER DRIVE 




Denny, who vetoed the measure. The building was completed, ready 
for the reception of pupils, in September, 1761. The belfry was 
surmounted with a crown, the symbol of loyalty to the British King, 
and that emblem remains there to this day. Hilarius Becker was the 
German and David James Dove the English teacher. Colonel Alexander 
Graydon, in his "Memoirs," states that Dove, in Philadelphia, in order to 
, A ni.jiic Hii-.H SCHOOL shame the delinquents to prompt attendance, was accustomed to send a 

deputation of boys with a lighted lantern and bell in the day time for the tardy pupil, to accompany him to the school 



house. The tea ship 
Philadelphia December 
permitted to remain, had 
for the Academy, but it 
land, and not until after 
reach its destination. 
mantown the British used 
and not until 1784 was 
original purpose. In 
fever visited Philadel- 
America and Pennsyl- 
floor and cellar" in the 
The library of the Acad- 
number of interesting 
able of which being a 
ington at the battle of 
THE AMERICAN 
SOCIETY on March 28. 
the Assembly the right to 




GERMANTOWN ACADEMY 



"Polly," which reached 
27, 1773, and was not 
among her cargo a bell 
was carried back to Eng- 
the Revolution did it 
After the battle of Ger- 
the Academy as a hospital 
it again applied to its 
1793, when the yellow 
phia, the banks of North 
vania used "the lower 
conduct of their business, 
emy contains a large 
relics, the most notice- 
spy-glass used by Wash- 
Germantown. 
PHILOSOPHICAL 
1785, were granted by 
erect the building No. 104 



South Fifth Street on Independence Square. The grant prohibited the leasing or transference of any part of the building 



ALONG THE FAIRMOUNT PARK TROLLEYS 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL 





EAST RIVER 

DRIVE 

Fairmount Park 



for any use other than that legitimately associated with 
the objects of the Society, but that restriction, the 
following year, was slightly modified. When the City 
assumed title to Independence Square, March 11, I8l6, 
the rights of the Society were reserved in the transfer. 
The Society itself is formed of the "Junto or Leather 
Apron Club," organized by Franklin in May, 1743, 
and the "American Society held at Philadelphia for 
Promoting Useful Knowledge," formed in 1750, of 

which Cover- 



^Mr^^H 




«[■(". ., , 'W 


.''% 




w| ^.^ -_^ 


M^^^^^ vif ii tm 


"*■■'":; 


*^'^Hk: 






nor James 
Hamilton was 
the first presi- 
dent. Both organizations lagged, and in December, 1768, they were consolidated 
as "The American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for Promoting 
Useful Knowledge," with Dr. Franklin as Its first president. The approaching 
transit of Venus in 1769, a matter of great scientific moment, the last having 
occurred in 1639, gave impetus to the organization. The Society erected an 
observatory in the Square where the observations were made, and standing on 
that structure, seventeen years later, at noon on July 8, 1776, John Nixon gave 
the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. Funds were lacking, 
and it was not until 1791 that the Society met in the Hall. In 1794 the second 



floor was leased to Charles Wilson Peale for a museum, studio and 
dwelling. There Washington sat for his portrait. A son was born to 
Peale in 1796, and the Society was called to decide upon the child's name, 
and chose "Franklin." In 1835 the City sought to purchase the property, 
but the deal failed. The library and relics in the building are exceedingly 
valuable. The numerous published volumes of "Transactions" and 
"Proceedings" of the Society are held in high esteem the world over. 
Many of the leaders of thought in this C(iuntry and in Europe have been 
in membership with the body. 

BARTRAM'S BOTANICAL GARDEN is one of the most noted 
and least visited historical spots in 



EQUESTRIAN 

STATUE OF 

3ENERAI- MEADE 





Philadelphia. That is probably 

because of its remote location 

from the center of the City. Its 

founder, John Bartram, was born 

in Darby Township, Delaware 

County, May 23, 1699. On his 

father's farm, now the country seat 

of the widow of Colonel Thomas 

A. Scott, one day the young man, 

weary of ploughing, was resting under a tree, when, plucking a 

daisy he began a critical inspection of the wild flower. That was 
the turning point of his life, the beginning of a distinguished and 
useful career. On September 30, 1728, he purchased at Sheritfs 
sale the site of the present garden. There was a small house on 
the property, to which in 1730 he made additions which were 
completed the following 3'ear, the date stone bearing the inscription, 




"John and Ann Barlnun, 1731." There is no evidence supporting the 
tradition that he personally did the needed work, in enlari;ing' the dwelling. 
Here he resided until his death, although in collecting botanical specimens 
he visited all parts of the then United States and much of Canada. His 



BILLMEYER 
HOUSE- 
In front 




reputation spread and scientific men every- 
where sought to know him. Linnaeus styled 



TENNIS GKOLINDS, Fa 



him "the greatest botanist in the world," Franklin urged him to authorship, the Petre pear trees were sent to him 
by Lady Petre in 176o, the large boxwood trees from Turkey and Smyrna were presents from the Earl of Bute, and 




l!AK I KAW Hor: 



George III in 1765 ap- 
the King. The gnarled 
the Christ thorn were 
son, of London. The 
twenty-two feet in diam- 
hundred and thirty feet 
and all from the earth 
designing to use it as a 
but noticing that it was 
brought it home and 
His account of his jour- 
travels written by an 
tember 22, 1777, largely 
British Army would lay 

son William followed in his father's footsteps, and like him pLiblished a book of travels 
his guest, and on July 14, 1787, the members of the Federal Constitutional Convention as 
garden. At that time there were two thousand specimens of native trees 
within its eight acres. It was William Bartram who urged Alexander 
Wilson to study ornithology. In 1823 he died in the house where lie was 
born and had resided eighty-four years. The City took formal possession 
of Bartram Garden as a park March 13, 1891. Among the interesting relics, 
apart from the house, is the old cider press; the basin chipped out of the 

solid rock, in 
which Bartram 
kept gold fish ; 
and tlie mark- 
ed, but unlet- 
tered stone 
covering the 
grave of one 
of John Bar- 
tram's negro 
slaves. 

FIRST PUBLIC 
FOUNTAIN 

1854 
Fairmount Park 



pointed him botanist to 
and tangled yew tree and 
gifts from Peter Collin- 
great cypress tree, now 
eter at the base, and one 
liigh, he plucked roots 
near the Gulf of Mexico, 
whip in urging his horse, 
something unusual, he 
planted it in the garden, 
nies was the first book of 
American. He died Sep- 
through fear that the 
waste his garden. His 
Washington was frequently 
liody visited his 




THE SPEEDWAY, Fair 





3Vt tl^c S^oolocjtcul 05^r^^^nc. 




TOM MOORE'S 
COTTAGE, on the 
west bank of the 
Schuylkill, near what 
is known as Belmont 
Glen, deserves notice 
because popular tra- 
BALDwiN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS dition has assoclated 

it with tiie poet, who visited Philadelphia in the summer of 1804, and that it was while residing in that humble 

dwelling' he wrote the familiar and tender ballad: 

" I knew by llie smoke that so gracefully curled 

Above the green ehns that a cottage was near. 
And I said ' If there's peace to be found in tliis world 

A heart ihat is humble might hope for it here.' " 

Tom Moore was convivial in his taste, he was 
the lion of the literary set of Philadelphia, of the day 

in which Jo- 
seph Dennie, 
an Irishman, 
was promin- 
ent, and all 
doors were 
open to him. 
He was win- 
ed, dined and 
petted, and 

although it may he possible that while a guest of a few houses, of brilliant, sparkling Richard Peters, at Belmont, 
he at a distance saw the smoke curling from the cottage chimney, there is no evidence that Moore ever entered the 
building which poetic tradition associates with his name. 

THE MORRIS HOUSE, on the east side of Eighth Street, 
above Locust, has little general history associated with its story, 
save that after Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution — 
the man whose individual 
notes were accepted as 
currency in the Colonies 
— was released from the 
debtors' prison on Prune 
Street, in 1802, under 
the provisions of the 
bankruptcy act, broken 
in health, means and 
energy, he made that 
dwelling his residence 
Inr several _\ears prior to 
^^^^^^^^ his death. 

MORRIS HOUSE, Eighlh and Locust Sis. 





SMITH MEMORIAL PLAYHOUSE, Fair 



TOM MOORE'S i 







RIDGWAV BRANCH Op THE LIBRAKV CO., ot Hhiladelphia 

THE ARMAT HOUSE is noticeable for the uses to whicli it was put 
shortly after the battle of Germantown. It was there, on the elevation 
where the building now stands, that the British collected the wounded 
American soldiers for medical aid. Many of those who died of their 
injuries were interred there, while the others were removed in wagons to 
designated hospitals or to the tender mercies of the tiend Cunningham at 
the old Walnut Street prison. The house was built in 1801 by Thomas 

Armat, a wealthy resident of Germantown, who presented the town with 

hay scales and gave the grounds and contributed largely to the erection of 

St. Luke's Church. 

During the war of 1812, when his tenants were unable to pay the rent 

due, if found 

wanting, he 

forgave them 

their debts and 

aided them 

with funds to 

keep the wolf 

from the door. 

This dwelling 

he erected for 
his son and gave it the name of Loudon in honor of 
his own birthplace in \irginia. The Armat and Logan 
families were united in marriage, and the estate is still 
owned in that line. 

THE OLD MONASTERY of "Das Lager der 
Einsamen" or "The Camp of the Solitary" is above 
Kitchen's Lane on the Wissahickon Creek. The building was erected in 1738 by John Gorgas, a Seventh-Day Baptist, 
who, it is said, gathered eleven members of his co-religionists in a Society of Monks. Converts were immersed 
in the Wissahickon, at "The Baptisterie," near the 
present bridge. Tradition states that the monks were 
clothed similarly to the While Friars, were sworn to 




^S 



WOMEN'S HOSPITAL 




ARMAT HOUSE 





.ME.UORIAL HALL, Fa 



HORTICULTURAL HALL, K 





UNITED STATES FEDERAL BLIILDING 



ARMORY, FIRST CITY TROOP 



celibacy, used wooden 

blocks, some say stone, 

scalloped to fit the head 

and neck, similar to those 

used at Ephrata and 

generally in Japan. \'ears 

ago in rear of the building 

were small pits or hillocks 

indicating the former 

burial places of the order. 

Underground passages led 

from the building in several directions but were closed by subsequent owner. Gossips a generation ago told strange 
stories of the uses of these passageways and of cells in which implements of torture were kept. George Lippard, the 

founder of the 
order of the P. S. 
O. A., in "Paul 
Ardenheim, the 
Monk of the Wis- 
sahickon," wove 
many of the tradi- 
tions into the plot 
of his novel, and 
Fanny Kemble 
w rote a p o e m 
respecting the 
old monastery and 
its environments 
which the late William D. Kelley read in Congress while advo- 
cating Federal aid to the Philadelphia Centennial Fair. 

WISTFR HOUSE was the first dwelling erected in the neighbor- 
hood of Geruiantown, for service as a gentleman's country seat, a 
summer home. The builder, John Wister, the brother of Casper 
Wistar (the change in the spelling of the names began in 1721, when 






THE MONASTERY 





WEIDENER MEMORIAL SCHOOL 



it was SO written by the official before whom Casper Wistar took the 
oath of allegiance to Cieorge the First), purchased the land In 1744, and 
the same year he erected a building, the stone quarried on the g(.iund 



FRANKLIN 
INSTITUTE 




and tliL' riak limbers for joists and rafters hewn from the 
trees nii his land. 'l"he original house, plain in architecture, 
presents the 
pent roof pro- 
jections over 
the several 
stories then 
dee m e d an 
essential pro- 
tection from 

rain and sleet in stormy weather, in later years it was remodeled and 

considerably changed internally and externally. On Saturdays it was a 

custom with John Wister, to distribute to the poor of the neighborhood, 

bread baked in the great oven attached to his dwelling. At the battle of 

Germantown, Cieneral James Agnew, of the British Army, while riding at the head of his brigade, was shot by Hans P. 

Boyer, an American militiaman, who, in ambush, took deliberate aim at the star on his breast. The wounded man was 



WEST RI\EK DRIVE. Fa 




ACADEMY OF MUSIC 



carried to the Wister house, where 

German servant of the famil 

when he died of his injuries. 

is still visible in the 

morning of the battle, 

at work with a hoe in 

her to seek shelter in the 

present in the house, is a full 

British Grenadier. The painting nf 

credited to the brush of Major .'\ndre. On one 




in the parlor he was nursed by a 
known as Justina, for a week. 
The stain of .\gnew's blood 
floor of that room. The 
Agnew noticed Justina 
the garden, and advised 
cellar. Among the relics 
length wooden figure of a 
the figure has erronenusly been 
iccasion a boasting young \ irginian was a 



visitor at the house, when a brother olticer and Sally Wister contrived by the use of that painted dummy to so frighten 
Major Tilly that he never stopped running until he 
reached Washington's camp, and on the way fell 
headlong into a pond. 





WISTER HOUSE 



RITTENHOUSE CLUB 




BROAD STREET END TORRESUALE BOULEVARD 




THE OLD KEYSER HOUSE, on the west side of Main Street, 
above Washinglon Lane, was built in 1738 by Dirck Keyser, who came 
from Amsterdam 



in 1688, accom- 
panied by his son, 
Peter Dirclc Key- 
ser. Tradition 
says that this was 
tlie first two- 
story house 
erected in Ger- 
mantown. Keyser had been a silk merchant in the Fatherland 
and in the Colony still continued to attire himself in a silk 
coat, a habit which some of his neighbors regarded as an 
adherence to ostentatious raiment not conducive to religious 
contemplation, 
with a diamond on the 



FOUNTAIN. DAUPHIN STREET, Fair 




UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL 

Tradition states that the names of Peter Keyser's children, the grandson of the emigrant, were cut 

small window panes, now 



destroyed, and in the 
mobbed by the Whigs 
principles. An ancient 
the dwelling is still pre- 
so celebrated in the 
Pemberton, seriously ill 
a drink from its refresh- 
request was denied by 
servant procured it for 
although he had been 
the water he would die. 
riddled with the bullets 
at Germantown, is still 
wall which served the 
work in that engage- 
planted by Peter Keyser 
American soldiers were 




Revolution his house was 
because of his peace 
spring house as old as 
served. The spring was 
neighborhood that Israel 
with yellow fever, craved 
ing waters, but his 
the physician. A negro 
him and he recovered, 
assured that if he drank 
Part of the old fence, 
of the contending armies 
preserved, as is a stone 
Americans as a breast- 
ment. Several pear trees 
at a point where three 
killed, still remain a 



KEYSER HOUSE 

memorial of the unknown patriots who ottered up their lives that the Colonies might be free. An old stone which 
was used by Peter Keyser in grinding bark, for he was a tanner as well as a clergyman, 
is also preserved. The building was remodeled by its present owner, Elwood John- 
son in 1866. Colonel 
Jones, in his novel, 
"The Quaker Soldier," 
locates an incident of 
the story in the Keyser 
house. 





SHIP HOUSE 








CHii Ball 




HENRY 

HOWARD 

HOUSTON 

MONUMENT 



Par 



WISSAHICKON DRIVE. Fair 




THE OLD LIVEZEY HOUSE, in excellent preservation, 
is one of the noticeable attractions of Wissahickon Drive, due 
more to its picturesque location than any historical association 
connected with the ancient dwellins;. Near by is the site of the famous Livezey Mill of Colonial days, which long 



since has fallen into 
wholly disappeared. 
a non-combatant in 
the morning of Octo- 
heard the sound of 
firing at Germantown 
and mounted a fence 
the battle from afar, 
a limb of the tree 
taken shelter. His 
and he sought safety 
was given to hospi- 




ruins, and now has 
Thomas Livezey was 
the Revolution, but on 
ber 4, 1 717, when he 
cannon and musketry 
he scaled the hillside 
that he might view 
/V stray bullet broke 
under which he had 
curiosity was satisfied 
in his own home. He 
tality and it was his 



I I \ 1 / 1 "i 1 1 n 1 i . i 

custom to make wine for his own use and that of his guests. When the British occupied Philadelphia and the troops 
were stationed nearby, Mrs. Livezey suggested that several casks of wine 
in the cellar would be safer from foraging parties if sunk in the dam. The 

idea met her husband's approval, 

with the result that the wine was 

saved and some of it was preserved 
-i^m- . - ' until within recent years. 

VALLEY GREEN INN, Fa 





MUSICAL FUND HALL 





HOUSTON CLUB, Unl\ 





i 


1 ■■ ..^lAad^^HH^Bk. ^ i'fe^ 



THE CONCORD 
SCHOOL, afterward 
termed "The Charter 
Cak House," because the 
second storv is occupied 
by the "Charter Oak 
Library," was designed 
to accommodate "the 

inhabitants of the upper end of Germantown who oltjected to the 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARY distaHcc and particuKir inconvenience through the winter seasons of 

sending their children to the lower school" — the Academy. Paul Wolf, half a century before, had set apart a lot for 



^%t<. JMa» 


Utoi 


'^IpPPi' 


is^— • 



DAUPHIN STREET ENTRANCE TO KAIRMOUNT PARK 



a school house, and upon that 
erected in 1775, as testified by 
facing the street. Charles F. 
why it took the name Cnn- 
first Germantown emigrants 
Concord, or was it because its 
the shot that was heard around 
Concord, Massachusetts?" At 
completed in the latter part of 
John Grimes was immediatel}' 
Additions were made to the 
neighborhood required. The 
Germantown Relic Society are 
cord." The latter organization 
especially valuable and inter- 
relics. Incidentally it is worthy 




ground the stone building was 
the date stone in the gable 
Jenkins says, "It is a question 
cord. Was it liecause the 
had come over in the ship 
foundations were laid when 
the world was being fired at 
all events the building was 
October of that year, and 
installed as the schoolmaster, 
building as the needs of the 
Charter Oak Library and the 
in occupancy of "Old Con- 
has in its possession an 
esting collection of historic 
of mention that on April 17, 



THE CONCORD SCHOOL 

1903, the Society of Colonial Dames of America planted with appropriate ceremony at Stenton, a sprout from the noted 

old Charter Oak, in 
which, it is said, Cap- 
tain Wadsworth, in 
1687, hid the Provin- 
cial Charter of Con- 
necticut to prevent its 
EPISCOPAL HOSPITAL 1^^'".? seized bv Sir 

Edmund Andros. The original tree was uprooted in a gale August 20, 

1856. The Germantown Charter Oak is its grandson, grown from an 

acorn shed by a tree raised from a sapling taken from the parent 






INIVERSITV OF PENNSYLVANIA DORMITORIES 

stock. Mrs. Hnlcomb, of Connecticut, gave the shoot 
til Mrs. Riiland (}. Curtin, who in turn presented it 
to the Colonial Dames. 



MOYAMLNSING PRISON 





PHILADELPHIA HOSPITAL 

LEMON HILL, oripinally known as "The 

INST1TI:TE FOR BLIND. Overbrook i 6 J "" 

Hills" and "Hill House," was the favorite residence 
of Robert Morris at a time when he was reputed one of, if not the wealthiest, men in the new world. That house 
stood near the site of the present Lemon Hill Mansion. It was at The Hills Morris sought safety when the British 
captured Philadelphia, and there it was in 1797, when his creditors strove to arrest him, for a long time he defied 
Sheritf and Constables, and there, in his distress, he contemplated suicide as a relief from his troubles. The Hills were 
sold by the Sheritf in 
the southernmost part 
Henry Piatt, an artist 
who at times had been 
that he was forced to 
keep the wolf from 
became a shipping 
ulated wealth rapidly, 
mansion and named 
because of the abund- 
his conservatory. It 
the neighborhood, 
of exotic plants, said 



1799 in two parcels, 
being purchased by 
of some merit, yet 
so cramped for funds 
paint tavern signs to 
the door. Finally he 
merchant and accum- 
He built the present 
the place Lemon Hill 
ance of those trees In 
was the show place in 
noted for its collection 
LEMON HILL In l83o to bc housed 

in "the finest range of glass for the preservation of plants on this continent." Its forest and fruit-bearing trees were 
marvels of that day. After Mr. Piatt's death in 1838 the property was purchased by the United States Bank, and 
when that institution failed Philadelphia purchased the estate in order to protect the water supply of the City from 
contamination. In 1855 Lemon Hill was dedicated as a public park, the beginning of the present Fairmount Park, a 
breathing place for the people unequalled in its natural features and extent by any similar reservation in the whole world. 






SOUTH BROAD STREET. NORTH FROM LOCUST 



BROAD STREET STATION. Pennsylv 




PHILADELPHIA COUNTRY CLUB 



GFiANT'S 

CABIN, stand- 
ing on a bluff 
ove r 1 o o k i n g 
the James 
River at City 
Point, from 
June, 1864, to 
March, 1865, was the headqnarters of the Army of the Potomac in the 
greatest civil war in the history of the world. During the winter of 
'64-'65 Mrs. Grant made her home with her husband in that rude structure, 
and within that building many of the most illustrious men of the nation 

gathered to con- 
sult upon meas- 
ures in which the 
whole future of 
t h e government 
was at stake. 
There Grant 
wrote his order 

approving Sherman's march through Georgia, a movement 
that has no parallel in the history of war; there he removed 
Pen Butler from command; there he wrote his notable 
c,KAMs( MUX, i.nimuun. Park. dlspatclies to TlioHias and received the Confederate Com- 

missioner; and in that Cabin Lincoln told Generals Grant, Sherman, Sheridan and Meade that ''you can fool some of 
the people all the time and all the people some of the time, but you can't fool all the people all the time."' After the 
war George H. Stewart had the Cabin removed and re-erected in Fairmount Park. 





PHILADELPHIA BOURSE 





PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION DEAF AND DU.MB. Main Building. 



PHILADELPHIA AND READINC RAI lAVAY TERM INAl 




COLLEGE HALL, Universlly of Pennsylv 




)HN l>ENN HOUSE "THt: 



"THE SOLITUDE," a name chosen by its builder, 
John Penn, ;i great-grandson of William Penn, in 
memory of the estates of the Duke of VVurtemburg 
of like name, in excellent preservation, still remains in 
the grounds of the Zoological Gardens. The house was 
built in 1784, 
but has little 
historical inter- 
est associated 
with its story. 
John Penn was 
then a man of 
twenty - four, 
near-sighted and 
alf'ected with a 
distressing nerv- 
ous disorder, 
which may have 
prompted h i m 



to seek seclusion, yet when he first came to Philadelphia he was so pleased with 
his reception that he contemplated making his home here. With that object in 
view probably he erected "The Solitude." 

He was educated at Cambridge and, a man of scholarly tastes, dabbled in 
poetry, publishing a number of lyric etfusinns of indiflerent merit. He delighted 
to read his own productions and in avoid interruption when wooing the muses, 
it is said, he devised secret hiding places and underground passages in which lie 
found concealment when visitors called whom he did not care to meet. There 
are several places of that character in the eaves of the house, and an underground 
passage exists between the detached kitchen and dining-room, the latter used by Penn as offices. 

The property was purchased by the City in 1852 from Granville John 
Penn, a collateral heir of the estate to whom it then belons-ed. 




HOLY TRINITY CHURCH 





HhNNSYLVANIA HISIOklCAI- SOUIETI 



MANUFACTURERS CLUB 




ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS 




DRV DOCK. League Island Navy Yard 




FORREST HOME FOR AGbl 




INTERIOR ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS 




STADIUM UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 
Progress of Pcnn-Columbia Foot-ball Game 




Y. M. C. A. BUILDING 







/>/, 



MUSEUM OF ARTS 
University of Pennsylv 





ONE of the most successful of the forty odd 
Trust Companies in Philadelphia is the 



West End Trust Company, a picture of 
whose building is shown herewith. 

The Company was chartered Fehruarv 24th, 
I 89 1, and opened tor business March i6th, 1891, 
at 2020 Chestnut Street, having purchased the 
property from the Girard Trust Company, which 
formerly occupied it. 

The capital stock ot the Company at organi- 
zation was $-^00,000. On March 21st, 1898, it 
was increased to $500,000, and on December 
I ith, 1901, it was again increased to $1,000,000, 
full paid. Its surplus is now $900,000, and its 
deposits over $4,250,000. The par value of the 
stock is $50 per share, upon which 8% dividends 
are paid. 

On August 14th, 1899, the Company 
moved from 2020 Chestnut Street to its present 
location. Special attention is called to the fact 
that the Company owns its banking house and 
the ground upon which it is erected, free and 
clear of all incumbrances, the value of which as 
an asset is the best kind ot security for those who 
entrust their affairs to the Company. 

Interest is allowed on all deposits, and the 
Company is authorized by its charter to act as 
Administrator, Executor, Guardian, etc., to insure 
titles to real estate and to manage estates, collect- 
ing and remitting the income, for which a very 
moderate charge is made. 

Letters ot credit and travelers' checks avail- 
able in all parts ot the world are issued. 

Its Safe Deposit Department is complete in 
every particular. Safe Deposit Boxes are for rent from $5.00 to S 50.00 per annum. 
All the Trust Funds are kept separate and apart from the Company's assets, and all 
investments for Trust Estates are made by the Finance Committee of the Board. 

The officers and directors give close attention to the affairs of the Company, as its 
progress and established reputation for careful and conservative methods testify. 



WEST END TRUST BUILDING 

BROAD STREET AND SOUTH CITY HALL SQUARE 
PHILADELPHIA 



The Officers and Directors are as follows 

Horace A. Doan. - - - - President. 

Joseph T. Richards, - - First \'ice President. 

Charles E. Wolbert, Second Vice President, Treasurer and 

Secretary. 
John M. Strong, - Trust Officer and Real Estate Officer. 
Robert L. Morgan, - Asst. Secretary and Asst. Treasurer. 
John Hampton Barnes, - - - .Solicitor. 



Henry A. Borell, Drugs, - - 2043 Chestnut Street. 
Horace A. Doan, President. 

William Henderson, Henderson Bros., 25th St. bel. Spruce. 
Joseph T. Richards, Chief Engineer Maintenance of Way, 

Pennsylvania Railroad Company. 
A. Lewis Smith, Attorney-at-Law. 

Frank R. Tobev, President Allison Manufacturing Company. 
Ma.\ Riebenack, Comptroller, Penna. Railroad Company. 
Horatio C Wood, M. D. 
William M. Burk. 

William Alexander Brown, Attorney-at-Law. 
G. BriNton Roberts, David E. Williams & Co. 
William L. Supplee. 

David E. W'illiams, David E. Williams & Co. 
Joseph .S. Keen, Jr., President American Pipe Mfg. Co. 
Stephen Greene, Printer. Sixteenth and .^.rch Streets. 



■—sii nw.nh 



LIBRARY OF 



CONGRESS 



014 311 869 1 



^ 



HoUinger Corp. 
pH8.5 



